Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany
Identifieur interne : 000265 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000264; suivant : 000266Historical Invasion Records Can Be Misleading: Genetic Evidence for Multiple Introductions of Invasive Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Germany
Auteurs : Mari L. Fischer [Allemagne] ; Axel Hochkirch [Allemagne] ; Mike Heddergott [Luxembourg (pays)] ; Christoph Schulze [Allemagne] ; Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg [Allemagne] ; Johannes Lang [Allemagne] ; Frank-Uwe Michler [Allemagne] ; Ulf Hohmann [Allemagne] ; Hermann Ansorge [Allemagne] ; Lothar Hoffmann [Allemagne] ; Roland Klein [Allemagne] ; Alain C. Frantz [Luxembourg (pays)]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Allemagne, États-Unis.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Germany, United States.
- genetics : Genetic Variation, Microsatellite Repeats, Raccoons.
- Animals, Ecosystem, Founder Effect, Genetics, Population, Introduced Species.
Abstract
Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125441
PubMed: 25946257
PubMed Central: 4422738
Affiliations:
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Fischer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hochkirch, Axel" sort="Hochkirch, Axel" uniqKey="Hochkirch A" first="Axel" last="Hochkirch">Axel Hochkirch</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heddergott, Mike" sort="Heddergott, Mike" uniqKey="Heddergott M" first="Mike" last="Heddergott">Mike Heddergott</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schulze, Christoph" sort="Schulze, Christoph" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christoph" last="Schulze">Christoph Schulze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Landeslabor Berlin-Brandenburg, Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Frankfurt (Oder)</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" sort="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" uniqKey="Anheyer Behmenburg H" first="Helena E." last="Anheyer-Behmenburg">Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, Hannover</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region><settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lang, Johannes" sort="Lang, Johannes" uniqKey="Lang J" first="Johannes" last="Lang">Johannes Lang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut für Tierökologie und Naturbildung, Gonterskirchen</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Gonterskirchen</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michler, Frank Uwe" sort="Michler, Frank Uwe" uniqKey="Michler F" first="Frank-Uwe" last="Michler">Frank-Uwe Michler</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Tharandt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Tharandt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hohmann, Ulf" sort="Hohmann, Ulf" uniqKey="Hohmann U" first="Ulf" last="Hohmann">Ulf Hohmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Wildlife Ecology, Research Institute for Forest Ecology and Forestry Rhineland-Palatinate, Trippstadt</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trippstadt</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ansorge, Hermann" sort="Ansorge, Hermann" uniqKey="Ansorge H" first="Hermann" last="Ansorge">Hermann Ansorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Görlitz</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Görlitz</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Lothar" sort="Hoffmann, Lothar" uniqKey="Hoffmann L" first="Lothar" last="Hoffmann">Lothar Hoffmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Thüringer Landesamt für Verbraucherschutz, Bad Langensalza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bad Langensalza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klein, Roland" sort="Klein, Roland" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Roland" last="Klein">Roland Klein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frantz, Alain C" sort="Frantz, Alain C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="Alain C." last="Frantz">Alain C. Frantz</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg, Luxembourg</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Luxembourg (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle, Luxembourg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Luxembourg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetic Variation (genetics)</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Germany</term><term>Introduced Species</term><term>Microsatellite Repeats (genetics)</term><term>Raccoons (genetics)</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Germany</term><term>United States</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Microsatellite Repeats</term><term>Raccoons</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Founder Effect</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Introduced Species</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Allemagne</term><term>États-Unis</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Biological invasions provide excellent study systems to understand evolutionary, genetic and ecological processes during range expansions. There is strong evidence for positive effects of high propagule pressure and the associated higher genetic diversity on invasion success, but some species have become invasive despite small founder numbers. The raccoon (<italic>Procyon lotor</italic>) is often considered as a typical example for such a successful invasion resulting from a small number of founders. The species’ largest non-native population in Germany is commonly assumed to stem from a small number of founders and two separate founding events in the 1930s and 1940s. In the present study we analyzed 407 raccoons at 20 microsatellite loci sampled from the invasive range in Western Europe to test if these assumptions are correct. Contrary to the expectations, different genetic clustering methods detected evidence for at least four independent introduction events that gave rise to genetically differentiated subpopulations. Further smaller clusters were either artifacts or resulted from founder events at the range margin and recent release of captive individuals. We also found genetic evidence for on-going introductions of individuals. Furthermore a novel randomization process was used to determine the potential range of founder population size that would suffice to capture all the alleles present in a cluster. Our results falsify the assumption that this species has become widespread and abundant despite being genetically depauperate and show that historical records of species introductions may be misleading.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dlugosch, Km" uniqKey="Dlugosch K">KM Dlugosch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parker, Im" uniqKey="Parker I">IM Parker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kolbe, Jj" uniqKey="Kolbe J">JJ Kolbe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glor, Re" uniqKey="Glor R">RE Glor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schettino, Lr" uniqKey="Schettino L">LR Schettino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lara, Ac" uniqKey="Lara A">AC Lara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Larson, A" uniqKey="Larson A">A Larson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Losos, J" uniqKey="Losos J">J 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Fischer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" sort="Anheyer Behmenburg, Helena E" uniqKey="Anheyer Behmenburg H" first="Helena E." last="Anheyer-Behmenburg">Helena E. Anheyer-Behmenburg</name><name sortKey="Ansorge, Hermann" sort="Ansorge, Hermann" uniqKey="Ansorge H" first="Hermann" last="Ansorge">Hermann Ansorge</name><name sortKey="Hochkirch, Axel" sort="Hochkirch, Axel" uniqKey="Hochkirch A" first="Axel" last="Hochkirch">Axel Hochkirch</name><name sortKey="Hoffmann, Lothar" sort="Hoffmann, Lothar" uniqKey="Hoffmann L" first="Lothar" last="Hoffmann">Lothar Hoffmann</name><name sortKey="Hohmann, Ulf" sort="Hohmann, Ulf" uniqKey="Hohmann U" first="Ulf" last="Hohmann">Ulf Hohmann</name><name sortKey="Klein, Roland" sort="Klein, Roland" uniqKey="Klein R" first="Roland" last="Klein">Roland Klein</name><name sortKey="Lang, Johannes" sort="Lang, Johannes" uniqKey="Lang J" first="Johannes" last="Lang">Johannes Lang</name><name sortKey="Michler, Frank Uwe" sort="Michler, Frank Uwe" uniqKey="Michler F" first="Frank-Uwe" last="Michler">Frank-Uwe Michler</name><name sortKey="Schulze, Christoph" sort="Schulze, Christoph" uniqKey="Schulze C" first="Christoph" last="Schulze">Christoph Schulze</name></country><country name="Luxembourg (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Heddergott, Mike" sort="Heddergott, Mike" uniqKey="Heddergott M" first="Mike" last="Heddergott">Mike Heddergott</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Frantz, Alain C" sort="Frantz, Alain C" uniqKey="Frantz A" first="Alain C." last="Frantz">Alain C. 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